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CIENCIA

Resuelven el ¡®problema de la Dolomita¡¯ despu¨¦s de 200 a?os

Para conseguir un crecimiento cristalino ¨®ptimo de la Dolomita es necesario calcular la energ¨ªa de algunas disposiciones at¨®micas.

Wenhao Sun, Dow Early Career Professor of Engineering and Assistant Professor of Materials Science and Engineering holds pieces of dolomite rock while standing in his lab. 

Scientists have grown dolomite crystals in a laboratory for the first time.

Dolomite is an abundant mineral in ancient geologic features -- think the Dolomites in Itlay or the capstone of Niagara Falls, but it's absent in modern formations unlike other limestone minerals. Geologists knew that the answer to this riddle must be hidden in the way dolomite forms, but nobody has ever gotten a dolomite crystal to grow in the lab.
Wenhao Sun's lab was able to come up with a model to explain why dolomite crystals can't grow in the lab the way other limestone minerals do: the mineral requires repeated cycles of dissolving and crystalizing to grow. They tested this idea out in the lab and managed to grow dolomite in the lab for the first time.
Wenhao thinks the same principle could apply to other hard to synthesize materials. One promising material for thin solar cells, CZTS, has been hard to make because it is blocked by the same crystal growth problems as dolomite. Maybe dissolving the CZTS between periods of crystal growth is required to make this material?
The corresponding author is Wenhao Sun, Dow Early Career Professor of Engineering and Assistant Professor of Materials Science and Engineering.
The first author is Joonsoo Kim, a doctoral student of materials science and engineering.

October 31, 2023. 

Photo by Marcin Szczepanski/Lead Multimedia Storyteller, Michigan Engineering
Marcin Szczepanski

La Dolomita es un mineral muy com¨²n que est¨¢ compuesto de carbonato de calcio y magnesio, pero que durante 200 a?os, los cient¨ªficos no han conseguido cultivar. Ahora, un equipo de investigadores de las universidades de Michigan (UM) y Hokkaido finalmente, lo ha conseguido gracias a una nueva teor¨ªa desarrollada a partir de simulaciones at¨®micas.

La investigaci¨®n ha concluido con la soluci¨®n al misterio geol¨®gico llamado el ¡°Problema de la Dolomita¡±. Este mineral se puede encontrar en las monta?as Dolomitas de Italia, las cataratas del Ni¨¢gara, los Acantilados Blancos de Dover y los Hoodoos de Utah, y es muy abundante en las rocas de m¨¢s de 100 millones de a?os.

¡°Si entendemos c¨®mo crece la dolomita en la naturaleza, podr¨ªamos aprender nuevas estrategias para promover el crecimiento cristalino de los materiales tecnol¨®gicos modernos¡±, afirma en un comunicado Wenhao Sun, catedr¨¢tico de Ciencia e Ingenier¨ªa de Materiales de la UM y autor del estudio, publicado en la revista ¡®Science¡¯.

Cultivar Dolomita

El crecimiento de la dolomita consiste en filas alternas de calcio y magnesio. El agua, el calcio y el magnesio se adhieren al cristal de dolomita en crecimiento, situ¨¢ndose a menudo en el lugar equivocado y creando defectos que impiden la formaci¨®n de capas adicionales de dolomita. Este desorden ralentiza el crecimiento de la dolomita.

Para simular con precisi¨®n el crecimiento de la dolomita, los investigadores necesitaban calcular con qu¨¦ fuerza o soltura se adherir¨¢n los ¨¢tomos a una superficie de dolomita existente. Las simulaciones m¨¢s precisas han requerido la energ¨ªa de cada una de las interacciones entre electrones y ¨¢tomos en el cristal en crecimiento.

¡°Nuestro software calcula la energ¨ªa de algunas disposiciones at¨®micas y, a continuaci¨®n, extrapola para predecir las energ¨ªas de otras disposiciones bas¨¢ndose en la simetr¨ªa de la estructura cristalina¡±, explica Brian Puchala, uno de los principales desarrolladores del software e investigador cient¨ªfico asociado del Departamento de Ciencia e Ingenier¨ªa de Materiales de la UM.

¡°Cada paso at¨®mico llevar¨ªa normalmente m¨¢s de 5.000 horas de CPU en un superordenador. Ahora, podemos hacer el mismo c¨¢lculo en 2 milisegundos en un ordenador de sobremesa¡±, explica Joonsoo Kim, estudiante de doctorado de Ciencia e Ingenier¨ªa de Materiales y primer autor del estudio.

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